Era 1, Mechanical Watchman Clocks

The starting point was the key-and-clock system described in our watchman clock article. It proved a round happened, but on paper that could be doctored, with no per-post detail and no automatic exception report.

Era 2, Contact iButton Readers (circa 2000 to 2016)

The arrival of Dallas 1-Wire iButton technology replaced the paper tape with an electronic, tamper-resistant record. A Guard Tour Reader touched a stainless-steel Checkpoint Button to capture its ID and the time. This became the mainstream approach for well over a decade because it was rugged, battery-free at the checkpoint, and inexpensive.

For the full picture of this era, see our dedicated guide to the contact guard tour system.

Era 3, Contactless RFID Readers

Contactless 125 kHz RFID (RFID / Proximity Guard Tour) removed the need to touch. Tags can be read through a few centimetres, with no button press, and can be concealed inside non-metallic surfaces so they cannot be found or removed. This suited wet, gloved, high-frequency and tamper-prone routes that the contact method struggled with.

Era 4, Real-time and Cloud Reporting

The latest step adds a communication link. A reader with a GSM/GPRS/4G or WiFi module transmits each read to a server as it happens, so a supervisor sees patrol status live and receives instant missed-checkpoint or panic alerts. Cloud management software then aggregates multi-site data into one dashboard.

EraRead methodRecord mediumReporting
MechanicalKey inserted into clockPaper dial or tapeManual, after shift
Contact iButtonTouch stainless buttonOn-reader memoryUSB batch download
Contactless RFIDProximity inductionOn-reader memoryUSB batch download
Real-time / CloudProximity plus cellular or WiFiServer or cloudLive, automatic

Fragen

Most sites still choose a contact or contactless offline reader for cost and simplicity, adding real-time only where live monitoring or lone-worker safety justifies the higher cost and SIM plan. See our guide on choosing a guard tour system for the environment match.
Yes. A well-kept contact iButton installation remains fully functional; many sites ran theirs for 10-plus years. You can keep it or migrate route by route to contactless or real-time as budget allows.
Not exactly. Real-time means each read is sent live; cloud reporting means the management software runs in the cloud. You can have batch USB downloads viewed in a cloud dashboard, or live reads in on-premise software, the two choices are independent.